emulsifier INS 431

Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate E431

synthetic — Primarily synthetic.

🇪🇺 EU: Approved

🇺🇸 USA: Approved

🇯🇵 Japan: Approved

🇦🇺 AU/NZ: Approved

🇨🇦 Canada: Approved

Scientific Name

Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate

CAS: 9004-99-3

Data verified: 2026-04-04

Factual Regulatory Reference

This database provides factual regulatory information compiled from official government sources. It does not constitute medical, nutritional, or safety advice. Regulatory status varies by country and is subject to change. Always refer to your local regulatory authority for the most current information.

What Is Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate?

Polyoxyethylene 40 stearate (polyoxyl 40 stearate) is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier formed from stearic acid and polyethylene glycol. It improves the volume and texture of bakery products by stabilizing air-oil-water interfaces in batters and doughs. JECFA established an ADI of 0–25 mg/kg body weight (as polyoxyethylene stearate group). EFSA reviewed it and it appears on the EU's permitted list for specific bakery applications. It is approved in the USA, Japan, Canada, and Australia under applicable food laws.

? Did You Know?

Beyond food, Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is also used in cosmetics, medicine. Its versatility makes it one of the most multi-purpose chemical compounds in everyday life.

In the EU, Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate has a "quantum satis" authorization — Latin for "as much as needed." This means there's no specific maximum limit; manufacturers use only what's technologically necessary.

Detailed Regulatory Assessment

🇪🇺

European Union (EFSA)

approved Max: quantum satis mg/kg

Permitted in specified food categories

🇺🇸

United States (FDA)

approved GRAS

Regulated as a direct food additive under FDA CFR titles.

🇯🇵

Japan (MHLW)

approved Cat: 既存添加物

Compliant with Japanese food sanitation law.

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

International Standard (JECFA)

0-25 mg/kg body weight (for all polyoxyethylene stearates)

mg/kg body weight per day

European Standard (EFSA)

Not specified

Natural Occurrence

This additive is not known to occur naturally in significant quantities.

Manufacturing

Method: chemical synthesis

Produced by esterification of stearic acid with polyethylene glycol containing approximately 40 units of ethylene oxide. The stearic acid can be sourced from vegetable oils (typically palm or coconut) or animal fats.

Applications Beyond Food

Cosmetics

Commonly used in cosmetic creams, lotions, and skincare products as an emulsifier and surfactant.

Medical

Used in pharmaceutical formulations as an emulsifying agent and tablet excipient.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (E431)?

Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (E431) is a emulsifier used in food products. It is synthetic and synthetic. A synthetic emulsifier created by reacting stearic acid with polyethylene glycol. The stearic acid component can be derived from vegetable oils (palm, coconut) or animal fats.

What is the ADI for Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate?

The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is 0-25 mg/kg body weight (for all polyoxyethylene stearates) as established by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). ADI represents the amount that can be consumed daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk.

What foods contain Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate?

Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used in various food categories including Fine bakery wares, Other confectionery. It is used as a emulsifier in these products.

Is Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate the same as Polyoxyl 40 stearate?

Yes, Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is also known as Polyoxyl 40 stearate, PEG-40 stearate, Polyethylene glycol 40 stearate, Macrogol stearate. These are different names for the same substance.